Heart failure (HF), also called Congestive Heart/Cardiac Failure (CHF/CCF) occurs when the heart is unable to pump adequate blood into the arteries, and the backlog of blood in the heart leads to congestion and backpressure into the lungs and the veins. TYPES Ejection fraction (EF), measured by echocardiography, is the percentage of how much blood the
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) Cardiovascular disease refers to a group of conditions occurring as a result of blockage of blood vessels (more specifically arteries), due to atherosclerosis and clots, impacting the heart and other organs. CVD is also known as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerosis) refers to the buildup or formation of ‘plaques’ in the
WHAT IS HYPERPIGMENTATION Hyperpigmentation is a term that means more pigmentation, that is darker areas or patches of skin as compared to the rest of the skin of a particular individual. Hyperpigmentation is not dark skin color per se, and those with darker skin tones are not said to be hyperpigmented! The term hyperpigmentation (also
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract more commonly the urethra (urethritis) and the bladder (cystitis). When these are affected, it is called lower UTI. Involvement of the ureter (ureteritis) and kidney (nephritis), also called upper UTI, is less common but can be more serious. Nephritis is classified according to the
Carditis refers to the inflammation of one or more layers of the heart. It includes Pericarditis, Myocarditis, Endocarditis and Pancarditis. The heart has 3 layers- Pericardium: This is the outer protective layer. It is bi-layered with pericardial fluid in between that helps smooth movement during heartbeat/pumping by reducing friction, and has a cushioning effect. Myocardium: